Gemstone Properties

Agates usually occur as nodules in volcanic rocks. These develop as each agate fills the cavity of its host rock. Agate, a type of chalcedony composed of quartz layers, is striped by nature and appears in a variety of types and colors. The name of each type of agate, such as Blue Lace Agate or Botswana Agate, is usually based on the color and/or the geographic location where the variety is mined. It is sometimes confused with jasper, another member of the chalcedony family, which has less distinct patterns than agate.

Mining for agate occurs in a variety of geographic locations including Australia, Canada, Mexico and the U.S.A.

Agate, a cooling stone, is said to help improve memory and concentration and to encourage honesty. It is purported to promote strength and increase stamina while also curing insomnia. Some wear agate as protection against danger.

Amber:

True amber, fossilized tree resin, is millions of years old and came from ancient pines and conifer trees that are now extinct. Some product marketed today as amber is tree resin, but not old enough to qualify as true amber. Amber is very light and though not a mineral it is considered precious and being so is the only precious "stone" that floats.

Avoid exposing amber to alcohol, contained in many hairsprays and perfumes, or ether which may cause it to lose its luster.

Amber is found in the Baltic Coast, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Russia and the U.S.A.

Amber, which some believe brings luck, may also help balance the endocrine and digestive systems. Amber may aid eyesight and help reduce swelling of the glands in the throat and lungs.

Amethyst:

Amethyst is a variety of quartz and ranges is color from a light purple to dark deep tones.

It should be kept away from direct sunlight as this can cause some amethysts to lose their color.

Amethyst is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, some African countries, Uruguay, U.S.A., Zambia.

While it is said to prevent drunkenness, it is often associated with celibacy and used as a symbol of piety, thus its use in churches during the Middle Ages.

Da Vinci's idea that amethyst could help to quicken intelligence and ward off evil thoughts is aligned with Western thought that it can instill high ideals.

Some say amethyst can cure impatience and eliminate chaos.

Amazonite:

This blue green mineral is a type of microcline feldspar and is most commonly found in Australia, Madagascar, Namibia, Russia, the U.S.A. and Zimbabwe.

Although the name Amazonite was derived from the Amazon River where many green stones were found, this green feldspar does not exist there.

Some of the healing properties often associated with Amazonite include the alleviation of muscle spasms, stress and exhaustion as well as skin improvement. It is also believed to help with clarity of thought, social interaction, and marriage.

Russian Amazonite:

This form of Amazonite was originally found in Russian and has a deeper teal color.

Apatite:

Apatite is usually green, but it can also be blue, yellow, reddish-brown, violet, yellow-green, colorless or multicolored. Although classified as a single mineral, it is actually three different minerals.

Apatite, found in the teeth of all vertebrate animals, is also be found in bones of humans, fish, birds, and cows.

It is most widely used in the production of fertilizer.

This mineral is found in Africa, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Myanmar, Russia, Spain, and the U.S.A.

Metaphysical theory states that apatite can stimulate thoughts and ideas. Also, it may help people maintain focus, learn, concentrate effectively and think clearly. Some believe it is good for controlling weight gain and fighting viruses while others say it brings love, harmony and peace.

Aquamarine:

Aquamarine is a very hard gemstone that comes in a range of blues from light to dark. While the gem quality stone is free of inclusions, other specimens have these along with opaque areas. Store your aquamarine in a dark place since sunlight may pale its color.

Aquamarine is mined in Afghanistan, Brazil, India, Madagascar, Mozambique, Pakistan and Russia.

The name aquamarine is derived from "water" and "seas", therefore, it makes sense that some believe it is a lucky stone for sailors preventing seasickness and protecting them from other perils of the sea. Some imply that aquamarine may aid in healing nerve pain, toothaches, glandular problems and disorders of the neck, jaw and throat.

Aventurine:

Composed of the minerals quartz and plagioclase feldspar, aventurine has a sparkly look since it contains specks of mica or hematite. Aventurine is commonly found in forest green, yet it may also be brown, blue, orange, yellow or gray. The name aventurine comes from an Italian word that means "by chance". Keep aventurine in a dark place, since it will fade in the light.

Deposits of aventurine are found in Brazil, China, India, Japan, Russia, Tanzania and the U.S.A.

Some wear aventurine, a stone of prosperity, to reduce stress, increase libido and to strengthen blood and muscle tissues.

Black Stone:

Black stone appears to be just what its name indicates – a stone dyed black or ink colored, sometimes natural. While it mimics onyx, it is discernible from this since it lacks the luster of onyx. One author, writing about gemstones, speculated that black stone could be reconstituted black obsidian, black agate, black onyx or simply a black rock.

Due to this conundrum, it is impossible to narrow down its geographic location or suspected powers. Don't you just love a mystery?

Black has traditionally been used for protection and to absorb negative energy.

Bloodstone:

Bloodstone is recognizable as a green chalcedony dotted with red jasper which may also be known as heliotrope. The name of bloodstone is derived from ancient legend stating that the stone developed when Christ's blood fell and stained the stones at the base of his cross. Take care of bloodstone by protecting it from extreme temperatures, harsh chemicals and scratches. In addition, water may remove some of the stone's polish.

Bloodstone is found in Australia, Brazil, China, India and the U.S.A.

Bloodstone, suspected to be a magical stone, is purported to help one become more knowledgeable in the ways of the world.

Bronzite:

Bronzite is a greenish-black to brown colored mineral displaying a bronze-like sheen when polished. It is part of the pyroxene group that has been weathered through moisture and temperature. It often displays inclusions, such as goethite and hematite, that are highly reflective.

Bronzite can be found in Austria, South Africa, Syria and the U.S.A.

The literature implies that bronzite will calm restlessness and promote principled behavior. It may also aid in the body's assimilation of iron while also increasing acidity.

Carnelian:

Carnelian is often recognized by its fiery reddish orange color and can be found it light and dark shades. While some is heat treated, as evidenced by color in the stripes when held to the light, the natural carnelian will have a more cloudy distribution and be a pale orange to grey when put to this test.

It may be found in Australia, Austria, Brazil, India, Madagascar, Russia, Uruguay and the United States.

Carnelian is thought to bring passion, motivation and a sense of well being to the wearer. It is also associated with openness and receptiveness leading to harmony.

Chalcedony:

Chalcedony is the name used for a family of minerals that includes agate, bloodstone, chrysoprase, carnelian, jasper, onyx and others.

The chalcedony family is composed of cryptocrystalline quartzes, microscopically small crystals. While chalcedony may be found in various colors, it is most popular in blues and purples.

Chalcedony is found in Africa, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Indonesia, Russia, Turkey, and the U.S.A.

It is said to fight depression, mental illness, fear, and hysteria and stimulate calm and peace. It is also said to stimulate creativity.

Charoite:

This mineral ranges in color from lavender to dark purple and has a swirling pattern. It was not widely known until 1978 perhaps since it is unattractive when located in the field.

Some say if charoite is placed under the pillow, it will take away the fears that come in dreams.

The mineral was first discovered in Russia and true charoite can only be found there.

Chrysoprase:

Apple green colored chrysoprase is one of the chalcedony gemstones. High quality chrysoprase is more translucent than other specimens. A good deal of this gemstone has a brownish matrix.

Sources for these gemstones include Australia, Brazil, Russia, Tanzania and the U.S.A.

The stone is said to promote emotional balance and to soothe heartache and loneliness. Some believe it helps relieve gout, eye problems and mental illness.

Citrine:

Citrine, which strongly resembles topaz, is a form of quartz that is rare in its true form. It ranges in color from yellow to a brownish shade. Much of the citrine available today is actually heat-treated amethyst. Take care of citrine as it can be easily scratched and will change color if left too long in the sunlight.

Citrine comes mainly from India and Brazil.

Citrine is a bright, joyful stone that is beleived to bring good luck and prosperity. It is said that citrine can aid in treating depression and eliminating self-destructive tendencies. It may also help aid the digestive process, fight diabetes, and remove toxins from the body. Some believe it helps with creative thought and writing.

Copper:

Copper is a metal found in many parts of the world. Copper conducts heat, electricity and energy with ease and, because of this, it has been believed to transmit thoughts and intentions. Copper is often used in healing to bring in more energy. It is also used to treat the pain of arthritis, work on sexual issues and increase energy overall. To read more about how to care for copper check out our resources page. There you will find a number of articles all about copper. 

Emeralds:

The word emerald usually makes people think of green and this gemstone comes in a variety of green colors. The stone may contain small flaws, but these are part of the gemstone and not considered negative.

Emeralds are quite porous and may be resin sealed for protection. This is fine as long as color is not added.

The bulk of the world's emeralds are located in Brazil, Colombia and Zambia.

Emeralds are thought to strengthen memory, quicken intelligence, and bring wisdom. The stone has also been used to drive away evil spirits and expose false friends. Some have used it to prevent attacks of epilepsy or to hold in the mouth as a cure for dysentery. Emeralds are said to preserve the chastity of the wearer and bring success in love.

Eudialyte:

The mineral eudialyte is a minor gemstone due to its rarity. It is found in shades of red, such as pink-red, orange-red, etc., but may also be yellowish-brown, brown, yellow, violet or green.

Eudialyte comes from Arkansas, Canada, Greenway, Norway and Russia.

The mineral is said to dispel jealousy and be helpful in bringing harmony to matters of the heart. It is also supposed to be helpful in learning to trust oneself and others.

Fluorite:

Fluorite may be green, white, purple or lavender and may fade is overexposed to sunlight. It also scratches easily. The mineral occurs as a vein deposit where it is found as part of the host-rock for other valuable minerals.

Fluorite is found in Austria, Canada, England, Germany, Kenya, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland and the U.S.A.

Fluorite may be used in treating bones, teeth and cell structure and in its powdered form it has been used to alleviate symptoms of kidney disease. Not only is it thought to help with mental achievement, it is also said to aid spiritual growth and harmony.

Garnet:

Garnets, usually red wine colored, give off a brilliance due to the way they highly refract light. Although not as common, garnets may also be seen in orange, pink, green, yellow, white and gray.

This gemstone is found in Canada, Brazil, the Czech Republic, India, Kenya, Madagascar, Spain, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the U.S.A.

Some believe that if garnets are carried close to the body they provide peaceful energy and balance while protecting the traveler from harm. They have been used to stimulate the bloodstream and pituitary glands, as well as to combat depression, lethargy and nightmares. They stimulate the root chakra and bring energy and vital life force into the body.

Gaspeite:

Gaspeite is an extremely rare pale to apple green mineral usually found near deposits of nickel sulfide.

Originally discovered in Canada, gaspeite has more recently been found in Australia although that is now largely picked over; thus, its rarity. Gaspeite has also been found in Tasmania.

Gaspeite has been known to be used for healing problems with the heart, lungs and gallbladder. It is also said to help reduce distress, bring assurance, reduce ignorance and attract friendship.

Goldstone:

Goldstone, a type of glittering glass, is a manmade gemstone with tiny copper dots throughout. It is most often seen in reddish brown, however, it can also be found in bluish green. This opaque glass may have a blue or violet matrix.

Although originating with Italian monks, it was later made by the Chinese.

Goldstone is said to stimulate the nervous system and help in the transmission of healing energies from the hands. Some believe goldstone stores the energy of those who touch it. Since it contains copper, it is also purported to help reduce inflammation and increase circulation.

Hematite:

The mineral form of iron oxide, hematite is usually a shiny steel gray color that somewhat resembles metal.

It is often located in places that have standing water, hot mineral springs or in the bottom layers of lakes or streams. Locations include the following: Australia, Brazil, Canada, England, Mexico, and the United States.

Hematite, sometimes thought of as a grounding stone, is said to aid clarity, balance, calm and reason. Some feel it helps to create loving relationships by turning negativity into love. It may also enhance the intellect. Physically, hematite is thought to help with blood and kidney problems as well as strengthen the circulatory system.

Hemimorphite:

This mineral is a zinc silicate that is rare due to the development of its crystals which end with dissimilar faces. While bright sky-blue is the most sought after color of hemimorphite it can also be found in pastel tones of white, green, blue, brown and yellow.

Hemimorphite has been found in Belgium, England, Germany, Mexico, Poland, Zambia and the U.S.A.

It is associated with personal growth, optimism, good fortune, and creativity. Some seek help from it in healing ulcers, blood diseases and cellular disorders.

Howlite:

Howlite is naturally white and often has a dark gray or black matrix. It can be mislabeled as white turquoise or buffalo turquoise. Since is it very soft and porous, It is often dyed to imitate other more expensive stones.

Most howlite comes from North America.

Howlite may encourage reasoning and observation and aid progress and growth in knowledge. Some say it helps eliminate stress and anger and encourages patience and tact. It may also help the body absorb and distribute calcium as well as aid in the elimination or pain.

Jade:

The term jade is actually two different rocks, nephrite and jadeite. While nephrite can be a variety of shades of green as well as creamy white, jadeite, which is rarer than nephrite, can be blue, lavender-mauve, pink, and emerald-green.

Some varieties of serpentine are also called jade, on this site we make the distinction between the two.

The Chinese used jade for carving beads, buttons, axe heads and other weapons and the stone was also traditionally used by the Koreans. Jade comes from Australia, Canada, China, Mexico, New Zealand, Taiwan and the U.S.A.

The Portuguese called jade the gemstone of the loins and it is still purported to help protect the kidneys, heart, larynx, liver, spleen, thymus and thyroid. Jade is known as a symbol of love and virtue and is said to strengthen the body and increase longevity.

African Jade is a green or "gooseberry" garnet that is mined in Africa.

Olive Jade, New Jade and Yellow Jade are all serpentine which is a translucent, waxy silicate of magnesium.

Candy Jade is a white stone that has been dyed and comes in pink, purple, green and yellow. It maybe a serpintine.

Jet:

Jet is a lightweight material of organic origin. It comes from decaying wood and is black or dark brown.

Long ago it was worn during mourning and due to its somber appearance, it has been made into rosaries. Many cultures continue to use jet for religious purposes such as prayer beads. When jet is rubbed it may produce an electric charge similar to amber, thus its designation as black amber.

Most of the jet is produced in England, yet it may also come from Canada, France, Germany, Spain and the U.S.A.

Some believe jet can protect against illness and personal attacks. It may also guard against the evil eye.

Jasper:

Jasper, whose name means spotted or speckled stone, is an opaque form of chalcedony. It comes in various colors including red, yellow, brown, green and less often in blue. Specimens of jasper are often given more specific names according to the pattern or appearance of the stones such as Leopard Jasper and Dalmatian Jasper.

Jasper is mined in many locations including France, Germany, North Africa, Sicily, Venezuela and the U.S.A.

Jasper has been purported to help bring rain and has been used as a protection against evil spirits and snake and spider bites. It supposedly helps cure gynecological problems and strengthen the stomach. Some believe it can encourage personal bravery and help people speak out and gain personal independence.

African turquoise jasper comes from Africa, is the color of turquoise and has a matrix similar to that stone. It is NOT turquoise, yet you may find this form of jasper that has been dyed and labeled as such. It is actually a type of spotted teal jasper. While some believe that African turquoise jasper can offer protection from accidents during travel, others say it will attract money for the wearer. It is said to help reduce headaches and help the wearer with clearer expression.

Artistic jasper gets its name from the fact that is appears to resemble a small work of art. It can be confused with picture jasper, but artistic jasper is recognized by its abstract designs and patterns. This stone may be found in Germany, India, France, Russia and the United States.

Autumn jasper displays the colors of fall in each stone. These include shades of rust, orange and olive green. The stone is said to aid in focusing the mind and allowing for prolonged metal activity. It may help the wearer make plans for the future.

Black jasper is very dark stone sometimes called blackstone. It is purported to be good for grounding the energies of a person who may experience spaciness. It is also supposed to be a good cleansing stone. Some say this stone should be worn by those who want others to leave them alone. Black jasper supposedly helps relieve pain, stomach and foot problems and hip dysplasia.

Brecciated jasper, like other brecciated stones, is composed of broken fragments of minerals or rocks that came together. In this case, they form a rusty red stone that has white streaks and web looking patterns. Known as a stone of strength and vitality, brecciated jasper is used by some as a worry stone due to its calming, nurturing properties. It is also supposed to help to remove negativity from any space. Some say it aides with sexual compatibility and helps in overcoming sexual guilt. It has been used to help develop creativity and provide aid to those who are overwhelmed by the task of organization.

Dalmatian jasper may remind you of a Dalmatian dog due to its black and white nature. Supposedly a calming stone, it may help strengthen family loyalties and guide the wearer toward recognition of true friends. While grounding the wearer, it may also help show his or her own strengths and weaknesses. A veterinary or other person working with animals may appreciate this stone as it is purported to encourage unity when working with animals.

Elephant jasper is a brown stone that displays a web like pattern of small black dendrites. It is purported to help dissolve negative energy and is used for grounding, introspection, balance and stability.

Fancy jasper, an opaque stone, may be beige or gray with various colors of specks and swirls. These can be lavender, green, pink, orange or red. The stone is used to aid tranquility and to eliminate worry and depression. It may also produce mental clarity for the wearer. It has been called the party stone because it supposedly helps people "lighten up".

Flower jasper, a multi-colored stone can range in colors of pastel pink, gray, cream and burgundy.

Fossil jasper is marbled with grey and pink hues. It is a grounding stone that supposed helps protect travelers. Some feel it will help in recovery from long term illness by acting as an energy tonic.

Green black jasper or Royal Imperial Jasper ranges in color from light green through burgundy. This gemstone supposedly helps to reduce insecurities and fears while providing protection.

Kambaba jasper has also been called army jasper and camo stone. Kambaba jasper is from Africa and is a combination of forest green, mint green, black and brown. It is patterned with speckles and concentric rings. Healers may use this stone to aid in dietary stabilization and cleansing the body of toxins.

Leopard skin jasper is also known as Jaguar Stone. This stone is purported to have animal nature and power representative of our connection to nature. It is said to help support and strengthen the spine and thigh muscles and to promote tissue regeneration.

Ocean jasper comes from a deposit at the edge of the ocean near Marovato, Madagascar. The stone's colors of cream, dark green, yellow, etc. combine in swirls and other patterns. This gemstone may particularly effect the emotions and holding it could bring up unresolved emotional issues. Work with this stone is supposed to have a soothing effect on those emotions.

Orange jasper resembles fine Italian marble. Some feel that orange gemstones are associated with vitality and endurance.

Picasso jasper is streaked with black, taupe, grey and sometimes red. The stone surely derives its name from the abstract and modern look it displays. Interestingly, Picasso jasper is metamorphic limestone altered by heat and pressure. Metamorphic stones go through metamorphosis more than one time adding new elements each time. Those elements that survive heat and pressure are left in the stone. Some say that the stone can help in transforming relationships and perhaps in transforming a person's creativity. One author suggests that when an artist is blocked, he or she can benefit by looking at the patterns in Picasso jasper.

Picture jasper has unusual banded patterns that formed when petrified or silicated mud dripped into gas pockets of molten lava. It is said to be a stone that can stimulate creative visualization and it has been associated with harmony.

Poppy jasper, which is brick red with shades of brown or black, is found in Spain and in California. It may also have shades of golden yellows, cream or white. Used by warriors in the Middle Ages to promote courage in battle, it can be thought to enhance strength and will power. It supposedly makes the wearer feel happy and has been used for helping to heal heart and blood disorder problems. Do not use this stone if you are pregnant.

Rainforest jasper, which may also be known as rhyolite, has a greenish background color with contrasting eye-shaped markings. Some consider it an aid to communication and it is known for helping cleanse the liver. Some believe it can be used to balance the feminine and masculine energies.

Red jasper is brick red to orange and can contain iron oxide. It is considered by some to be a stone of fairness and justice. Red jasper has been used by some to help control excessive bleeding and aid with blood disorders. Some say it soothes the nerves and others use it for stomach and digestive problems.

Silver leaf jasper gets its grey silver green color from tiny particles of various minerals in the stone. Used by some as a protection and grounding stone, it is said to provide a feeling of being cared for. It is purported to aid mental clarity and functioning.

Turquoise Jasper is a jasper that simply looks like turquoise. Some see it as a peaceful stone that promotes gentleness, tranquility, comfort, wholeness, and healing. It has been used to help stabilize and balance the emotions. Writing stone jasper is found in colors that range from very dark grey or almost black to cream colored, all with a slight green cast. This stone is found in California and named because the markings on it resemble Chinese writing.

Yellow turquoise jasper, named for its color, is said to offer protection for the traveler as well as for those doing spiritual work. It supposedly channels positive energy. Some believe it aids in digestion as well as in the release of toxins.

Zebra jasper has green black or white stripes on a white, gray, pink or tan background. Some say it gets a person into action and helps remove apathy. It may also help the wearer to see both sides of a situation. 

Kryptonite:

This substance is very rare and its color is difficult to specify due to its rarity. While not yet used in jewelry design, it may hold many fascinating possibilities for the imaginative designer.

The only known source for Kryptonite is on the planet Krypton.

While most suggested properties for minerals and gemstones purport to have positive influence, Kryptonite is just the opposite. Sometimes used as an analogy for an Achilles Heel, Kryptonite is said to negatively affect certain individuals. If you are not sure of your posture with this substance, it is suggested that you refrain from its utilization.

Kryptonite is temporarily out of stock.

Kunzite:

This pale-pink to lilac mineral is sometimes called the "evening stone" due to its tendency to fade in bright light; therefore, it should be protected from heat and light. It is a variety of the mineral spodumene that also produces hiddenite which is green. It is often heat treated which can help restore its color when it has faded. Kunzite may resemble pink topaz or rose quartz and it difficult to distinguish from pink tourmaline. Kunzite may appear different colors depending on the angle from which it is viewed, a phenomenon known as pleochroism.

The stone comes from Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, Pakistan and the U.S.A.

While Kunzite is thought to release tension and stimulate poor circulation, it may also help create a balance between the physical and emotional bodies. Some say it can help alleviate fear brought on by others and increase the feeling of security. Kunzite is purported to enhance the capacity for devotion and understanding and bring inner peace.

Kyanite:

This mineral, found in blades or columns, is typically blue, but may also be green. Although limited in its use as a gemstone due to its anisotropism or varying hardness, it is also used in porcelain plumbing fixtures, dishware, spark plugs and other things.

Kyanite is most notably found in Australia, Brazil, India, Kenya, Myanmar, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland and the U.S.A.

Kyanite, connected to altered states, visualizations, vivid dreams and dream recall, could be referred to as the "tripping stone". It may also help diminish anger and confusion while bringing loyalty, honesty and tranquility. The more common blue kyanite is said to open the mind and improve optimism while green kyanite may help a listener determine if someone is telling the truth.

Labradorite:

Labradorite, a feldspar mineral, can display beautiful labradorescnce or schiller. These terms refer to the rainbow colored reflections shown as light from a particular direction strikes the stone. Some labradorite has a light green-gray base while the more valuable has a dark or black base.

It comes from Australia, Canada, Madagascar, Norway, Mexico, the Ukraine and the U.S.A.

Labradorite, purported to slow the aging process and detoxify the body, may also help alleviate confusion and indecision. Some say it will elevate consciousness and protect a person's aura.

Lapis Lazuli:

Lapis is a semiprecious blue gemstone composed of grains of several minerals. The stone's matrix is calcite and the speckles are pyrite. The more valuable lapis is an intense blue displaying only the pyrite speckles and no matrix while the lesser lapis may be dyed and will appear somewhat cloudy. Take care of lapis as is will scratch and chip easily.

Lapis is found in Afghanistan, Canada, Chile and Egypt. Lapis, often thought of as a stone of truth and friendship, may help to bring harmony to relationships. It is also said that lapis allows spiritual energy to be absorbed in the aura.

Denim Lapis: This is a paler, less valuable stone than lapis lazuli that resembles faded denim

Larimar:

This blue variety of pectolite is quite rare and can only be found in the Dominican Republic. Specimens may be light to dark blue, green blue or white.

Sometimes larimar is called the "Atlantis Stone" since the Dominican Republic is claimed to be part of the lost continent of Atlantis.

Larimar supposedly supports healing of the physical, mental and spiritual body while providing a more positive perspective on life. It is said to aid with speech and communication and help heal and regulate the thyroid gland.

Lava Stone:

This stone is naturally rough and has many holes and bubbles causing it to be lightweight. It may appear in black or a reddish brown.

Lava stone beads are made from basalt, a common volcanic rock. Much of the lava stone beads have been treated with paraffin to keep them from being so abrasive.

Lepidolite:

Lepidolite is violet to pale pink or white and often has black markings. It is rarely found in gray or yellow.

Lepidolite is not truly a gemstone but rather a type of mica found in Argentina, Canada, Madagasgar, Russia, Sweden, the U.S.A. and Zimbabwe.

Healers call Lepidolite the Peace Stone, suggesting that it helps relieve stress and promotes restful sleep if placed near the pillow. Some believe Lepidolite can help alleviate nerve pain, sciatica, neuralgia and joint problems.

Magnesite:

This mineral, magnesium carbonate, is usually white or gray with white streaks, but may range from colorless to gray or tan. It is included in the calcite group since it has the same crystal structure. Magnesite is often a good candidate for enhancement due to its porosity and lack of luster.

Dyed magnesite may be mistakenly referred to as turquoise. The use of the name turquoise is erroneous since magnesite does not contain copper and is not a phosphate. Magnesite is currently being dyed many different colors including turquoise, pink, purple and orange.

The mineral is located in Austria; Bahia, Brazil, China, Korea, the U.S.A. and other countries in European.

Magnesite is believed to assist in lessening PMS symptoms and strengthening bones. Some say it brings peace during meditation, stimulates passion and assists in creative visualization.

Malachite:

Malachite is light to dark green and banded with green tones. It is copper carbonate and contains an altered form of copper which creates the green color. The amount of water in the copper affects whether or not malachite will be dark or light with more water making it a lighter green.

Protect malachite from scratches and temperature changes and keep it away from water which removes it polish. Keep acid away from malachite and do not clean it with anything containing ammonia.

A major source for malachite is Zaire, in the Congo, but it is also found in Australia, Chili, Mexico, Nambia, Zimbabwe, and the U.S.A.

Some say that malachite can be used as a talisman for children to protect them from danger and ward off illness. The regeneration of body cells is said to be aided by malachite which might also provide extra energy. It is purported to give knowledge and patience while bringing harmony. Some gaze at or hold malachite, believing it helps calm emotions and relax the nervous system.

Mookaite:

Mookaite is a jasper found in Australia that is a mixture of yellow, browns and reds.

Some believe it is a healing stone that bestows strength. It has been used in the treatment of hernias, ruptures and water retention and glandular or stomach disorders.

Moonstone:

Moonstone, composed of two feldspars or minerals, is a relatively hard stone that comes in shades of gray and peach. It has an unusual luster or iridescence and high quality moonstone may also display cat's eye. The sheen of this stone comes from light reflecting in the moonstone from the different mineral layers. White Rainbow Moonstone or blue flash moonstone is more closely related to Labradorite than other Moonstones. It is sometimes called Ghost Stone.

Moonstone has a tendency to pick up the garment colors with which it is worn.

Moonstone is found in Australia, Madagascar, Myanmar, Mexico, Norway Poland, Sri Lanka and the U.S.A.

While moonstone is purported to help balance the emotions, it is also said to protect women and babies. Some say is it a digestive aid and can align vertebrae. Tales suggest that if lovers place moonstone beneath their tongues during a full moon it awakens passion. Holding it in the mouth may also refresh a person's memory.

Obsidian:

Obsidian is dark green to brown or black and is formed when volcanic lava comes in contact with water. Iron and magnesium give obsidian its color. It is not only used currently in jewelry design, it is also used in dating since it weathers slowly and uniformly. The thickness of the weathered layers produced over time can be compared to a standard.

Small obsidian nuggets that have been smoothed and rounded by wind and water are often referred to as Apache Tears.

Obsidian occurs most notably in Iceland, Italy, Japan, Java, Mexico, Scotland and the U.S.A.

It has been implied that obsidian may be used for gaining a clearer insight into problems. Some maintain that it can help improve vision, and aid the stomach and intestines.

Mahogany Obsidian: This deep red-brown gemstone with black speckles is said to put those who wear it more at ease with their sensuality and relieve tension. Some aver that mahogany obsidian is a stone of strength that helps with decision making and provides the strength to follow personal convictions.

Snowflake Obsidian: Snowflake Obsidian, which some suggest will help with clarity and logic, is black or dark gray and recognizable by its light gray patches. This stone of purity is supposed to help foster personal insight, bringing hidden imbalances to the surface and releasing them.

Rainbow Obsidian: This variety of obsidian is dark with swirls of color dependent upon the angle at which light hits the specimen. It is suggested that rainbow obsidian allows for the recognition of the spiritual side of life bringing light and love to the wearer.

Opal:

Opals are prized for their rich play of colors with the higher quality specimens displaying more of this characteristic. The colors of opal include white, gray, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, magenta, rose, pink, slate, olive, brown and black, with red on black being the most rare. Opals contain between 3% to 20% water and therefore should be protected from heat and strong light which may dry them and cause water loss and thus iridescence They are found in Australia, Mexico, Peru and the U.S.A. It is implied that opals soothe the eyes and the nerves.

Opal myths:

• Opal is not soft – it is the same hardness as glass, but it is brittle.
• Opal is not unlucky – for centuries before this story, Opal had been considered to be a stone of good fortune.
• Opal does not shrink.
• Opal does not lose its colour. However, if allowed to dry out, it can crack.
• Opal is not affected by water. Triplets, in the past however, have been glued with a resin which does not agree with moisture. This resin has come apart, causing the Opal to appear cloudy. Most triplets now have a water-resistant glue – check before purchasing, and always obtain a guarantee.

Ethiopian Opal is a relatively new find, it can have amazing fire and prefers to stay dry. When it gets wet it can lose it's "fire" but it return as the gem dries.

Peruvian Opal: It is known as a common opal lacking the same play of light as the more valuable opals. This opal, which is found in pink or blue, supposedly quiets the mind, helps relieve stress and heals old wounds.

Opalite: China produces this manmade glass that resembles opals. It may appear more vivid in color than true opals. It is also sometimes sold as blue Moonstone or Rainbow Moonstone (which it of course is not).

Peridot:

Some think of peridot as a particular color since it is one of the few gemstones that comes solely in one color. The amount or iron in this mineral determines whether the specimen will be yellow-green to brownish green, with the latter being the more valued. Peridot is actually the gem quality of olivine, a very abundant mineral.

Peridot has been mined in Australia, Brazil, China, Egypt, Kenya, Mexico, Myanmar, Norway, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St John's Island, Tanzania, and the U.S.A.

Those interested in slowing mental and physical aging might seek this gemstone. While it is purported to help with the birthing process, some want peridot to help with eloquence and overcoming speech impediments. It is suggested that the stone increases confidence and assertiveness and on the physical side, some feel it helps heal the heart and lungs.

Pietersite:

Pietersite, a tiger eye bearing gemstone, is a mix of blue and gold tiger eye. It comes in two different forms depending on the two geographical locations, China and Africa, where it is located. Both forms have fibrous bands of blue, gold and/or red tiger eye while the Chinese form has more striking gold, red and blue colors than the orginal pietersite from Africa.

This stone has been called "the Key to the Kingdom of Heaven" because it is said to allow sight of the beauty of the soul. Some purport that is stimulates the pituitary gland and helps to regulate the other endocrine glands.

Prehnite:

This pale green stone with an almost luminescent coloring can also be gray, white, black, brown or colorless.

Prehnite, discovered by Von Prehn of Germany, was the first mineral to be named after a person. It is found in Australia, Austria, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Namibia, Scotland, South Africa and the U.S.A.

Sometimes called "the stone for dreaming and remembering", Prehnite has been used to reduce high blood pressure and control hypertension. Some believe that prehnite may be used to treat blood disorders and help build the immune system.

Pyrite:

The name pyrite brings to mind "fool's gold" which it has often been called. Pyrite is a dark colored iron sulfide with a shiny luster that was historically mistaken for gold. It gets its name from pyr, the Greek word for fire since it will make sparks if struck with steel.

It is most notably found in Germany, Peru, Russia, South Africa, Spain and the U.S.A

Pyrite is said to help open the connections between the left and right brain hemispheres and to foster intelligence. It may also encourage creativity and cleverness.

Quartz:

A plethora of information about quartz is available via books and the internet for those interested in detailed information. This description simply covers the basics.

Quartz, sometimes called "rock crystal", is one of the most abundant minerals on earth and is comprised of numerous stones bearing other names.

Quartz is extremely hard, often contains tiny air bubbles and has a double refraction. Clear quartz is colorless and transparent and there is considerable color variation among the numerous other types of quartz. While some quartz are macrocrystalline and can be recognized with the naked eye, a second variety of the mineral is cryptocrystalline comprised of crystals that are only noticed through magnification.

Macrocrystallines include well known stones such as amethyst, aventurine, hawks-eye, tigereye, rose quartz, smoky quartz, rutiliated quartz, snow quartz, etc. We commonly recognize the other variety, cryptocrystalline, as chalcedony.

The occurrences of quartz are too numerous to list and are based on the specific variety of the mineral. The purported healing properties of quartz are also varied and dependent upon the specific variety.

Clear quartz is supposed to amplify the qualities of other stones and balance life force. Since it is purported to attune its energy to the person with whom it is connected, some wash the stone with a sea salt water solution before wearing quartz. On the physical side, it is said to help with stomach problems.

Blue quartz is a microcrystalline quartz that can range from blue to gray. Microcrystalline means that it contains tiny crystals that can only be seen through a microscope. This type of quartz is translucent, not transparent. It may be found in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Italy, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, and the United States. Blue quartz is said to be a stress relieving stone and has been used as a peace or tranquility stone.

Cognac quartz is the color of cognac. It is brighter in color that smoky quartz, but deeper than citrine. Lemon smoky quartz brings together colors of pale yellow with medium to dark grey tones. 

Lemon quartz, also known as prasiolite, is made by heating yellow quartz, amethyst and iron at high temperatures. Lemon quartz has a wonderful yellow color. 

Pineapple quartz may also be known as candle quartz or celestial quartz. It is a manmade glass.

Solar quartz is cut from stalactites and is usually white, gray or colorless. When it is cut, you can see concentric circles in a radiating pattern and the center may reveal druzy, small quartz crystals, or air bubbles.

Rose quartz can range in color from light peach to very pale pink. It is a macrocystalline form that is usually found in large clumps in Madagascar, Brazil, Scotland, the former USSR and Colorado in the United States. Some believe that the pink color appears because of a rose quartz contains a small amount of titanium. Rose quartz is known as the stone of love and some feel it has calming properties and helps develop strong friendships.

Rutiliated quartz contains tiny golden inclusions of rutile, a titanium dioxide mineral. These are gold colored and look somewhat like a frozen meteor shower. Some feel it can aid in both physical and mental balance while helping to diminish depression and fear.

Smoky quartz is brown and translucent. At times it has been incorrectly called smoky topaz. Among other things, this stone is purported to help bring calm and relieve depression and stress. Smoky quartz has been said to help remove toxins from the body and aid the adrenal gland in proper functioning. It is also said to help with problems of the lower torso such as issues with the kidneys, abdomen, pancreas, reproductive organs, and with menstrual cramps and fertility issues.

Snow quartz may also be called milky quartz or white quartz. Some say that wearing this stone helps one become wise and hopeful by causing the person to view things from a child-like perspective. It is supposed to help with all types of infections as well as with dandruff.

Tourmalated Quartz, sometimes referred to as Tourmalinated Quartz, is a clear or milky Quartz that has black Tourmaline needles in it. The inclusions are an iron rich form of Tourmaline called schorl. Significant sources of Tourmalted Quartz include Brazil and Madagascar. Tourmalated Quartz is thought to enhance energy flow.

Rhodochrosite:

Rhodochrosite specimens exhibit shades of pink to pale brown, but in its purest and rarest form it is usually rose red. It is both soft and brittle making it relatively difficult to cut; therefore, faceted rhodochrosite is not common.

Take extra care of this stone as it can easily lose its polish. Simply clean it in soap and cool water.

Rhodochrosite occurs in Argentina, Mexico, Namibia, South Africa, Spain, Romania and the U.S.A. Stalactitic specimens of white and pink banded rhodochrosite come from an old silver mine in Argentina.

Rhodochrosite is said to help improve eyesight and to aid in times of stress, providing the ability to handle problems. It may also aid in self confidence.

Rhodonite:

This gemstone is generally pink to lavender with black veins or dendrites. It is more durable than rhodochrosite and safe for most cleaning methods.

It can be found in Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Russia, Sweden and the U.S.A.

Rhodonite is sometimes called the "singer's stone" because it is supposed to improve sound sensitivity. Some find it helps with the nervous system and self esteem.

Ruby:

Rubies, along with sapphires, emeralds and diamonds, are considered one of the four precious gemstones. Ruby is a hard, durable and rare stone and its value is usually determined by color, clarity and size or carat.

Ruby is the red stone of the corundum mineral family which can be found in Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Kampuchea, Kenya, Madagascar, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, the U.S.A. and Zimbabwe.

Rubies symbolize love and devotion and some believe they have the power to stimulate sexual desire and energy. It is suggested that this stone may be used to treat physical wounds, blood disorders and emotional and spiritual wounds.

Ruby Zoisite: This metamorphic gem is a natural combination of ruby and zoisite crystals with the zoisite providing an earthy green and black color complimented by the red of the ruby. Since ruby zoisite is fairly soft, it scratches easily.  It is found in Australia, Norway, Tanzania and the U.S.A. Ruby Zoisite is purported to increase awareness of the super-ego.

Ruby Fuschite: Which is found in South India consists of ruby crystals from pink to red in the bright green mother rock, Fuschite. It is said that this stone is helpful when body functions are out of balance as well as with carpal tunnel syndrome, virility and spleen issues. Some feel that since Ruby amplifies emotions and Fuschite aides emotional healing, Ruby Fuschite is helpful with troubling emotions.

Rutilated Quartz

Rutilated quartz is quartz stone with rutile enclosures. Rutile is a mineral that is made from titanium dioxide, it is very refractive so when it is found in quartz it  appears as hairs of bright color, usually gold or red and sometimes brown or gray. Rutilated Quartz is also reported to encourage spiritual growth, clease the aura, keep away the negative thoughts of others, and works as an antidepressant. On the physical level it's list of healing capabilities are long and include absorbing  mercury poisoning, heals impotence, infertility, increases energy, aids in bronchitis, and balances the thyroid.

Sapphire:

There are two gem varieties of corundum. If this mineral is red, it is a ruby and if it is another color, it is sapphire. These colors include blue, pink, purple, orange or green. The pink-orange sapphire is generally called padparadscha. This remarkably hard mineral may also be gray, black or colorless. The price paid for natural sapphire depends on several factors including color, clarity, size, cut, overall quality and geographic origin.

Sapphire is located in Afghanistan, Australia, Africa, Ceylon, China, India, Kenya, Madagascar, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam and the U.S.A.

Sapphire, considered a stone of creative expression, intuition and meditation, may also help soothe depression and bring mental clarity. The gemstone is believed to help lower fevers and inflammation and to aid with hearing problems and burns. This gemstone is said to promote pure emotions such as serenity, joy and peace and some women select the blue sapphire for engagement rings since the color is related to permanence and reliability.

Seraphinite:

Seraphinite is usually dark green to gray and has silvery white shimmering patterns. It is the gem quality form of clinochlore which is part of the chlorite group. The name seraphinite is drawn from the word seraph that refers in the Bible to winged angelic beings.

It is mined in Siberia in Russia.

Some profess that seraphinite will cause old patterns of imbalance and disease to fade away allowing space for wellbeing. The stone is also professed to aid in healing nerve and brain cells.

Sodalite:

Sodalite, composed of sodium aluminum chlorine silicate, is usually dark blue with white and sometimes yellow streaks, but it may also be grey, yellow, green or pink. It should not be confused with lapis lazuli which is a similar color but contains sulfur rather than chlorine. Take care of this stone by washing it in warm, soapy water and do not put it in an ultrasonic machine for cleaning.

Sodalite comes from Brazil, Canada, India, Italy, Namibia, Russia, and the U.S.A..

Sodalite is suggested by some to help boost the immune system, balance metabolism and cleanse the organs. It supposedly has subtle soothing energies that can guide a person to adopting a less frantic lifestyle.

Spinel:

In its purest form, spinel is white, but its impurities give it many other colors including red, pink, violet, blue, green, orange, yellow and black. The most popular and valued spinels are red which closely resemble rubies.

Spinel is mined in Burma, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Tadjikstan.

Some advise that spinel can aid in increasing the positive aspects of personality and help enhance appearance. It is known as a "stone of immortality" and expected to aid in rejuvenation. It is used to stop negative energy and protect. It also is believed to transform anger and resentment. It is a stone that empowers the wearer. 

Sugilite:

This mineral ranges in color from grayish lavender to deep purple and usually contains a black matrix and reddish brown or yellowish blotches. The most valuable sugilite stones are bright purple and have very little matrixing or blotches.

Sugilite comes from Australia, Canada, India, Italy, Japan and South Africa.

Sugilite is said to help remove negative energies such as anger and help balance mind, body and spirit. Some believe that it helps to reduce stress and strengthens the heart while aiding physical healing.

Sunstone:

Sunstone is a feldspar crystal that was formed in molten lava. It may be gold to orange or reddish brown in color and has an iridescent luster, or schiller, similar to labradorite. It also contains small hematite crystals, giving it even more sparkle.

Sunstone comes from Australia, Canada, India, Norway, Russia, Tanzania and the U.S.A.

Sunstone may aid in garnering extra physical energy during stressful times, including illness. It is believed to be helpful to the kidneys and the liver. Some say it brings romance and good luck.

Tanzanite:

The rich color of tanzanite runs from ultramarine blue to light violet-blue with blue surrounded by a hint of purple being the most valued. Tanzanite is typically polychromatic and the visible colors depend on the angle from which it is viewed.

This stone is the blue variety of zoisite, but was renamed by the Tiffany & Company of New York, based on the fact that it is mined in Tanzania.

Some maintain that tanzanite helps the wearer slow down and take it easy; therefore, it may be called "the workaholic's stone." It makes sense that it is purported to help with stress-related illness such as high blood pressure. It is also said to put the mind under command of the heart .

Tigereye:

This type of quartz with its golden luster has yellow and brown stripes and a strong chatoyance or sheen sometimes referred to as "eye". Thus the stone's name is based on its resemblance to the eye of the tiger. Red tiger eye is usually heat treated. Many new bright blue or "peacock" Tiger Eyes are dyed.

Tigereye is mined in Australia, Myanmar, Nambia, South Africa and the U.S.A.

Some feel this stone can be effective for those who are stubborn since it is purported to pull one into a more positive and flexible attitude. Others wear tigereye to give them courage and strengthen their convictions. It has also been said to be an appropriate stone for easing sexual tension between partners. It is maintained that tigereye helps with heart disease, psoriasis, bronchial asthma and high blood pressure.

Tourmaline:

"The rainbow gemstone," tourmaline comes in a plethora of colors. The stone often displays two or more colors such as from red to green or blue to yellow. Egyptian legend suggests that when tourmaline made its long journey up from the center of the Earth it passed over a rainbow and gathered its colors.

While this stone can literally be found all around the world, good color and quality tourmalines are rare. Mining locations for tourmaline include Africa, Afghanistan, Brazil, Pakistan, Mexico, Myanmar and the U.S.A.

Tourmaline is believed to calm nerves and help as a sleep aid and it may help dispel fear, negativity and grief. Some say it will help regulate hormones and fight genetic disorders.

Turquoise:

Turquoise is hydrated aluminum copper phosphate that often contains iron. It ranges in color from white (though this is a hot topic among turquoise experts as to whether it is really turquoise if it is white) to powder blue to sky blue and from blue green to yellowish green. While the blue color is derived from copper, the green stems either from iron or chromium.

Due to the variations in turquoise, it is often referred to by the specific mine and location from which it is harvested as is the case in Sleeping Beauty Turquoise from the mine of the same name in Globe, Arizona. Since turquoise is somewhat soft, it is often treated for stability; yet, natural turquoise is available. Natural turquoise can, however, absorb body oils and darken or turn green over time.

The geographic locations of turquoise mines include Australia, Africa, China, Europe, Mexico, Peru and the U.S.A.

Turquoise is used by some for detoxification of alcohol, poisons or radiation. It is implied that this "stone of wholeness" nurtures a sense of unity between the self and all around us. Some feel it strengthens the immune system and stimulates tissue regeneration while helping in the absorption of nutrients.

Unakite:

This granite gemstone is composed of colorless or white/gray quartz, pink feldspar and green epidote usually providing unakite with a mottled look. Unakite is often used for carving as well as in jewelry design.

Although most unakite comes from the U.S.A., it is also mined in South Africa, Brazil and China.

Although it may be difficult to recall professed beliefs about many of the gemstones, Unakite may more easily be remembered as unifying aspects of self including emotional, mental and spiritual. Since it is supposed to help remove the blocks that may stop one from moving forward, it may also prevent dwelling in the past. Unakite may help with a healthy reproductive system and stimulate a healthy heart and circulatory system.

Variscite:

Variscite in a mineral sometimes used as a semiprecious stone. It is usually yellow green to darker green and some specimens have a black spider webbing in the matrix causing it to resemble turquoise.

This mineral has been mined in Australia, Brazil, Germany, Poland, Spain and the U.S.A.

Variscite supposedly helps balance the central nervous system and fight worry, fear, anxiety, and impatience. Some believe that while helping with self-reliance; it may also invite moral courage and success. A good meditation stone, it may also help with depression.